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牛春戏剧挑战月 School of Resistance

自从去年看了《重述》,我就被Milo Rau圈粉了。在2月底的时候,由Milo Rau主导的一个组织School of Resistance在网络上推出了一系列的影像播出以及相关的辩论。这些影像都是基于Milo Rau的戏剧作品的类似于制作花絮,拍摄记录的影片,更确切点来说有点像是两者的结合。一方面会有不少戏剧现场的表演的录像,基本上已经覆盖了大部分的演出内容;另一方面是参加演出的演员们和导演本人的关于这个戏剧的背景内容的补充,有的是关于戏的内容的,有的是关于拍戏的时候的经历。在看之前我还有一点嫌弃这种形式有点不伦不类的,但是看完之后真的是五体投地啊,完美地解决了光看现场表演没有背景知识看不明白的地方,而且Milo Rau真的是把这种重述的艺术展示到炉火纯青且恰到好处。比起这种形式,Milo Rau所关注的内容、想要传达的想法更是有很大的意义,让人觉得很佩服敬仰,要把诺贝尔和平奖颁给他也一点不为过。膜拜这位男神。

The Last Days of the Ceausescus
2021.3.8
年廿五

讲的是罗马尼亚1989年底的革命,原来的独裁者总统Ceausescus和他的妻子受到新政府法庭的审判。之前的材料留下的并不多,这部戏剧试图重现当时的审判过程。审判的全程,前总统从头到尾几乎只有一句话,那就是只认原来的法律和政体。最后女演员个人小故事,想到革命第一个想到的是黑暗中尖叫的诉求(虽然未必可行)。

The Moscow Trials
2021.3.9
年廿六

讲的是有三起关于现代艺术冒犯宗教的案件,独裁政府和宗教相互勾结在一起,在审判的时候直接偏向了宗教那一方,其中的过程和真相并没有被公开。Milo Rau重新建立了一个新的审判,邀请了不同立场的真实身份的人来到这个舞台上的法庭,也请了真实的人来扮演陪审团的角色。虽然是重新建立的审判,但是参加的人们都是真心地在为艺术和自由辩护,或者是在打着宗教和政治的旗帜攻击。其中有一个人有一个人很赤裸地说这些艺术在诋毁俄罗斯核心价值父权,他在为相信这些核心价值的人发声。他们被指出和法西斯的身份联系在一起,却也不在意,而是特别骄傲自己的爱国者的身份,觉得自己所骄傲的关键词:god、family、fatherland、honour。最后的审判结果是平票,不能判定被指控的现代艺术是否有罪。陪审团之一的人突然站起来举例斯大林并当场离场。影片中间还有一段讲在排这出戏的时候,导演亲自出现被查护照被中断,然后还有官方的介入试图终止这个演出,在现场连那些保守派的人们也在对此抗议。

It would be superfluous to examine these three incidents individually. For me the matter is quite clear: in our days there is a war against a hostile form of acting and thinking. It is a war over mankind, in all its diversity. We believe, I personally believe as a believer that mankind descends from God. That he didn’t evolve from a ciliate, an amoeba or an animal and then to a modern human. That is why I ask you to consider when reaching your verdict, not just to judge the acts of any individuals over abstract political and historical events. No, your verdict is a statement about the threat to our country. Moreover, if we want to remain a free nation and take charge of our destiny, if we are capable of agreeing amongst ourselves, whether religious or not, otherwise we will have to live by Western laws. You are deciding if marriage in Russia will be between a man and a woman or between partner A and partner B like in the West. Be aware that your verdict will decide all of this. Thank you.

War and religion are not compatible. People who describe themselves as orthodox believers at the same time preach the opposite values. They proclaim they were deeply offended by these exhibitions that trampled all over their feelings. I doubt that, as it is impossible to describe these people as believers, and especially as orthodox Christians. They might want to believe in something but obviously not in Jesus Christ. Otherwise they wouldn’t have acted in this way. They wouldn’t have destroyed their holy objects while pretending to defend them.

I don’t know you personally but I have the impression when I see you sitting in front of me, that you have great respect for art. Because all Russians have this respect. We are all convinced that art is capable of much. Sadly that is not true. Art is capable of very little. It can draw attention to a problem but cannot change the fate of our country. It cannot practice justice. But ladies and gentlemen, today you can. It is in your hands that our country does not become a theocracy. We are in great danger of being defeated by orthodox fundamentalism, a fundamentalism like the world had never seen before. It doesn’t bode well, not for us, not for our children or grandchildren. The denial of the European idea will bring us no luck, it will destroy us. Today it is not about the artists, but our collective fate. And so I ask you to decide “not guilty”. Thank you.

我摘录了三段总结陈词。我发现就算是我已经看过了这部作品,在重读这几段陈词的时候,在第一时间我会觉得很困惑,都分不清楚他们分别是站在辩方还是控方的立场。他们口中的总总名词的定义是如此的流动,一下子以为是正面的,一下子又变成反面的。他们说到的观点,有的甚至是相同的,却有着截然相反的结论。比如他们都说到不要受到西方的影响,要做自己的主人,但是紧接着要求为此做截然相反的判定。又比如明明在我看来是独裁政治和保守宗教相互勾结,辩护人却必须力挽其中一派,在这一派的价值观念之下进行辩护。我看到保守的信徒们那么怡然自得,简直惊呆了,也很后怕。

这样的重新构建的审判太有趣了,有好多层次可以分别去探究人们究竟在想些什么。一个是现场辩论的内容,一个是这个重新建构审判的形式,一个是大家对此的看法。太好看了。

The Congo Tribunal
2021.3.10
年廿七

在刚果发生了一系列的非人道的悲剧,人民生活在水生火热之中,却无从寻求正义。Milo Rau组织了一场国际审判,虽然没有什么现成的法律可以依据,但是能做到的之少是把这件事情的真相还原,用多方面的视角还原。

事件的内容基本上就是人们被一个公司剥削、甚至逼得离开自己的家乡,而且时常有惨绝人寰的大屠杀发生,政府却无动于衷。国家在助长公司对人民的剥削(这和现在国家看着996不管有什么区别)。官方代表说是因为市场竞争,说到别的就甩锅。倡导从非暴力主导区域采购的法律并没有抑制暴力,而是导致价格畸形、黑市交易更严重,矛头指向了西方的采购者。联合国UN军队对大屠杀什么都没做,人们开始怀疑大屠杀的获益者是国家政府,官员回应,谁能告国家?

这三天以来看的三部片子太让我震撼了,特别是按照这么一个顺序。历史上鲜为人知但真实发生的审判重现,在同样法律下已经审判过但是重新召集专家证人和陪审团再次在舞台上审批,连法律也不存在的事件也没有被审判过现在创造一次审判。我的天呢,Milo Rau还能在这上面玩出什么新花样,真的已经逆天了。

Orestes in Mosul
2021.3.11
年廿八

NTGent 10 point manifesto

1. It’s not about portraying the world anymore. It’s about changing it. The aim is not to depict the real, but to make the representation itself real.

我以前好像讲过,在读Oresteia的故事的时候,我最在意的一个地方是杀来杀去已经分不清楚到底在哪个阶段的杀戮和复仇是正义的了,而最后Orestes在杀完人以后最后得到的是神的审判,好像在这么复杂的情况之下只有神可以做出人类无法挑战的判决。Milo Rau太神了,连着三天不同程度的升级审判之后,他这次选择了重现神的审判,人们重新取代了神的地位去审判这本应只有神可以解决的案子。

这个Orestes的故事发生在Mosul,这个伊拉克的战火纷飞的城市,一度被ISIS占领又被当局忽悠之后花了很少时间解放的城市。生活在这个城市里的人们,已经受尽了战火的折磨,为了所谓的正义冤冤相报的杀戮。

现在只有两个极端的选择,要么原谅,要么复仇。大家会怎么选,影片中的人没人愿意举手选择任何一个。

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